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Level 7 : Lesson 2 – Types of Taxes
Introduction
In the previous chapter, we learned the basics of taxes and their importance in funding government services. Now, let’s delve deeper and explore the different types of taxes we encounter in our daily lives.
Lesson 2: Unveiling the Different Types of Taxes
Taxes can be broadly categorized into four main types based on what is being taxed:
| Tax Type | Description | Real-World Example |
|---|---|---|
| Income Tax | A tax levied on the income you earn from wages, salaries, investments, or other sources. | John, a software engineer, earns a salary of $100,000. He pays federal and state income taxes based on his income bracket. |
| Sales Tax | A tax added to the price of goods and services you purchase. The sales tax rate may vary depending on your location. | You buy a new jacket for $50. In a state with a 8% sales tax, you would pay an additional $4 in sales tax. |
| Property Tax | A tax levied on the assessed value of real estate you own, such as your house or land. Property taxes are typically used to fund local government services. | Jane owns a home valued at $200,000. She pays an annual property tax of $2,500, which goes towards funding local schools and infrastructure. |
| Excise Tax | A tax levied on specific goods, often associated with negative externalities, such as cigarettes, alcohol, and gasoline. The purpose of excise taxes is to discourage consumption and raise revenue. | A pack of cigarettes might cost $5, but due to a $2 per pack excise tax, the total price you pay is $7. |
Who Collects the Taxes?
Different levels of government are responsible for collecting various types of taxes:
- Federal Government: The federal government collects income tax, payroll taxes (Social Security and Medicare), and certain excise taxes.
- State Government: State governments collect income tax (often at a lower rate than federal), sales tax, and certain excise taxes (like gasoline taxes).
- Local Government: Local governments primarily collect property taxes, which fund essential services at the city or county level.
Understanding these different types of taxes and who collects them is crucial for taxpayers. It helps you be aware of how your tax dollars are being used and plan your finances accordingly.
Remember: Tax laws can be complex and vary depending on your location. This chapter provides a general overview. It’s always recommended to consult with a tax professional for specific guidance.